California Native Plant References & Works Cited

References

  • Adams, J. D., Jr. "The Use of California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica) Liniment to Control Pain." Pharmaceuticals 5.10 (2012): 1045–1053.
  • Adams, J. D., Jr., and Carmen Garcia. Healing with Medicinal Plants of the West. Johnson & Johnson Press: Berkeley, 2005.
  • Baker, Marc A. "The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California." Humboldt State University: Arcata, 1981.
  • Barrett, S. A., and E. W. Gifford. "Miwok Material Culture. Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee." 2 (1933): 173.
  • Bean, John, and Katherine Saubel. Temalpakh (From the Earth); Cahuilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Malki Museum Press: Banning, 1972.
  • Beinfeld, Harriet, and Efrem Korngold. Between Heaven and Earth. Ballantine Books: New York, 1991.
  • Bocek, Barbara R. "Ethnobotany of the Costanoan Indians, California: Based on Collections by John P. Harrington." Economic Botany 38 (1984): 240–255.
  • Böhm, Bruce A., and Tod F. Stuessy. Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae). Springer: Vienna, 2001. [Includes Table 8–9 listing Hazardia exudate flavonoids.]
  • Burits, M., and Bucar, F. "Antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil." Food Chemistry 83.4 (2003): 581–586. [Includes ocimene-related monoterpene discussion.]
  • Cai, Zi-Min, et al. "1,8-Cineole: A Review of Source, Biological Activities, and Application." Journal of Asian Natural Products Research 23.10 (2021): 938–954.
  • Calflora. "Ceanothus spinosus Nutt." Calflora: Information on California Plants.
  • Catty, Suzanne. Hydrosols: The Next Aromatherapy. Healing Arts Press: Rochester, 2001.
  • Chestnut, V. K. "Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California." Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7 (1902): 295–408.
  • Clark, W. D. "Flavonoid glycosides in the genus Hazardia (Asteraceae)." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 6 (1978): 93–96. [Describes internal quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, luteolin, and apigenin glycosides.]
  • Clark, W. D., and E. Wollenweber. "Flavonoid aglycones in the leaf resin of Hazardia squarrosa var. grindelioides." Phytochemistry 24 (1985): 1122–1123. [Documents 33 surface flavonoid exudates.]
  • Cowan, Eliot. Plant Spirit Medicine. Swan Raven & Company: Columbus, 1995.
  • Curtin, L. S. M. "Some Plants Used by the Yuki Indians II: Food Plants." The Masterkey 31 (1957): 85–94.
  • da Silva, J. K. R., Maia, J. G. S., et al. "Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities of Ocimene-Rich Essential Oils from Amazonian Species." Journal of Essential Oil Research 25.1 (2013): 34–40.
  • Elpel, Thomas J. Botany in a Day. HOPS Press: Pony, 1998.
  • European Medicines Agency. "Public Statement on the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products Containing Thujone." EMA/HMPC/409408/2009, 2009.
  • Fontaine, Pauline, et al. "Chemical Composition and Antinociceptive Activity of California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica)." Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy 5.1 (2013): 1–11.
  • Fleming, M. C., Hester, V., Allison, B. J., et al. "Immunomodulatory and Antibacterial Properties of the Chumash Medicinal Plant Trichostema lanatum." Medicines 5.2 (2018): 25. [Full text; methanolic extract TNF-α & antimicrobial data.]
  • Foster, Steven, and Christopher Hobbs. Western Medicinal Plants and Herbs. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston, 2002.
  • Fowler, Catherine S. Willard Z. Park's Ethnographic Notes on the Northern Paiute of Western Nevada 1933–1940. University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City, 1989.
  • Gifford, E. W. "Ethnographic Notes on the Southwestern Pomo." Anthropological Records 25 (1967): 10–15.
  • Goodrich, Jennie, and Claudia Lawson. Kashaya Pomo Plants. University of California: Los Angeles, 1980.
  • Guardia, T., et al. "Mucus Synthesis and Sulfhydryl Groups in Cytoprotection Mediated by Dehydroleucodine, a Sesquiterpene Lactone." Journal of Natural Products 57 (1994): 507–509.
  • Halligan, J. P. "Toxic Terpenes from Artemisia californica." Ecology 56.4 (1975): 999–1003.
  • Hedges, Ken. "Santa Ysabel Ethnobotany." San Diego Museum of Man Ethnic Technology Notes 20 (1986): 39.
  • Heizer, Robert F., and Albert B. Elsasser. The Natural World of the California Indians. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1980.
  • Hinton, Leanne. "Notes on La Huerta Diegueno Ethnobotany." Journal of California Anthropology 2 (1975): 214–222.
  • Hold, K. M., Sirisoma, N. S., Ikeda, T., Narahashi, T., and Casida, J. E. "Alpha-Thujone (the Active Component of Absinthe): Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Modulation and Metabolic Detoxification." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97.8 (2000): 3826–3831.
  • Holmes, Peter. Clinical Aromatherapy: Essays and Essential Oil Profiles. Snow Lotus Press: Boulder, 2001.
  • Holmes, Peter. The Energetics of Western Herbs. Snow Lotus Press: Boulder, 1997.
  • Holmes, Peter. Notes from Using Essential Oils in Chinese Medicine. 2002.
  • Hwang, E. S., Kim, J. M., and Song, S. H. "Cytotoxic Activity of Flavonoids from Artemisia Species in Human Cancer Cell Lines." Journal of Natural Medicines 73.1 (2019): 112–120.
  • Jegal, J., Ahn, J-H., Kim, Y-D., et al. "Inhibitory Effects of Luteolin-7-Methyl Ether on TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Inflammation in Human Keratinocytes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22.24 (2021): 13587. [Methyl-luteolin analogue; keratinocyte inflammation model.]
  • Jepson Herbarium. "Jepson eFlora: Ceanothus spinosus." University of California, Berkeley.
  • Kaminski, Patricia, and Richard Katz. Flower Essence Repertory. The Flower Essence Society: Nevada City, 1999.
  • Keefover-Ring, K. "Variation in Terpenes and Genetic Structure of Artemisia californica." Oikos 119.6 (2010): 981–991.
  • Kirk, Donald R. Wild Edible Plants of Western North America. Naturegraph: Happy Camp, 1975.
  • Kuhajek, Jeanne M., et al. "Vulgarone B, the Antifungal Constituent in the Steam-Distilled Fraction of Artemisia douglasiana." Journal of Chemical Ecology 29 (2003): 1771–1780.
  • Las Pilitas Nursery. "Ceanothus spinosus (Greenbark/Red-Heart)." Horticultural profile.
  • Lavabre, Marcel. Aromatherapy Workbook. Healing Arts Press: Rochester, 1990.
  • Llesuy, S.F., and M.G. Repetto. "Antioxidant Properties of Natural Compounds Used in Popular Medicine for Gastric Ulcers." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 35 (2002): 523–534.
  • Luis, Javier, and Lucia San Andres. "C-16 Hydroxylated Abietane Diterpenes from Salvia mellifera." Phytochemistry 33 (1993): 635–638.
  • Luis, Javier G., and Lucia S. Andres. "New Ursane Type Triterpenes from Salvia mellifera Greene." Journal of Natural Products 62 (1999): 187–194.
  • Merriam, C. Hart. Ethnographic Notes on California Indian Tribes. University of California Archaeological Research Facility: Berkeley, 1966.
  • Min, J. E. Isolation of Antibacterial Compounds from Artemisia californica. Pepperdine University Undergraduate Research, 2014.
  • Moerman, Daniel E. Native American Ethnobotany. Timber Press: Portland, 1998.
  • Moore, Michael. Medicinal Plants of the Mountain West. Museum of New Mexico Press: Santa Fe, 1979.
  • Nchu, F., Magano, S. R., and Eloff, J. N. "In Vitro Anti-Tick Properties of Essential Oils Extracted from Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae) on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus Koch." Veterinary Parasitology 190.3–4 (2012): 566–572.
  • Once Upon a Watershed. "Ceanothus." Educational program note on flower lather and traditional wash use.
  • Palafox-Carlos, H., Gil-Chávez, J., and Sotelo-Mundo, R. "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Monoterpenes: A Review." Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 58.12 (2018): 1–118.
  • Penissi, A.B., and R.S. Piezzi. "Role of Mucus on Gastroduodenal Cytoprotection Induced by Dehydroleucodine, Isolated from Artemisia douglasiana Besser." Acta Horticulturae 501 (1999): 235–238.
  • Powers, Stephen. "Aboriginal Botany." Proceedings of the California Academy of Science 5 (1874): 373–379.
  • Pratt, J. D., Keefover-Ring, K., Liu, L. Y., & Mooney, K. A. (2014). Genetically based latitudinal variation in Artemisia californica secondary chemistry. Oikos, 123, 953–963.
  • Romero, John Bruno. The Botanical Lore of the California Indians. Vantage Press: New York, 1954.
  • Rose, Jeanne. 375 Essential Oils and Hydrosols. Frog Ltd.: Berkeley, 1999.
  • Salehi, B., Upadhyay, S., Orhan, I. E., et al. "Therapeutic Potential of α-Pinene and β-Pinene: A Miracle Gift of Nature." Biomolecules 9.11 (2019): 738.
  • Salvador-Hernández, J. L., et al. "Chemical Constituents from the Aerial Parts of Ceanothus caeruleus." Records of Natural Products (2025).
  • Sangwan, N. S., Farooqi, A. H., Shabih, F., and Sangwan, R. S. "Regulation of Essential Oil Production in Plants." Plant Growth Regulation 34.1 (2001): 3–21. [Notes ocimene biosynthesis in Lamiaceae.]
  • Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. "Sukimanik'oy: Garden of Chumash Plants." Chumash plant uses; ceanothus blossom lather noted.
  • Santa Monica Mountains Trails Council. "Plant of the Month — Greenbark Ceanothus." Flowers make a soapy lather when crushed with water.
  • Saunders, Charles F. The Western Flower: Wild Flowers of the Rockies and West to the Pacific. The Country Life Press: Garden City, 1925.
  • Schenck, Sara M., and E. W. Gifford. "Karok Ethnobotany." Anthropological Records 13 (1952): 377–392.
  • Setzer, W.N., et al. "Antimicrobial Activity of Artemisia douglasiana Leaf Essential Oil." Fitoterapia 75 (2004): 192–200.
  • Smith, Clifton F. A Flora of the Santa Barbara Region, California. Santa Barbara Botanical Garden and Capra Press: Santa Barbara, 1998.
  • Timbrook, Jan. "Virtuous Herbs: Plants in Chumash Medicine." Journal of Ethnobotany Winter (1987): 171–180.
  • Tisserand, Robert, and Rodney Young. Essential Oil Safety: A Guide for Health Care Professionals. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier: Edinburgh, 2014.
  • Train, Percy, et al. Medicinal Uses of Plants by Indian Tribes of Nevada. U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, 1941.
  • U.S. Forest Service. "Artemisia californica." Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/shrub/artcal/all.html
  • Valant-Vetschera, K. M., and E. Wollenweber. "Chemodiversity of Exudate Flavonoids in Asteraceae—Subtribe Solidagininae." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 62 (2007): 785–797. [Notes quercetagetin/gossypetin methyl ethers in Hazardia resin.]
  • Veith, Ilza. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine. University of California Press: Berkeley, 1972.
  • Weiss, R.F. Herbal Medicine. Ab Arcanum: Gothenburg, Sweden, 1988.
  • Wendel, G.H., et al. "Effect of Dehydroleucodine in Experimental Colitis in Rats and Mice." Pharmacological Research 40 (1999): 339–344.
  • Westrich, Lolo. California Herbal Remedies. Gulf Publishing Company: Houston, 1989.
  • Wollenweber, E., Dörr, M., Rustaiyan, A., Roitman, J., and Graven, E. "Exudate Flavonoids of Some Salvia and a Trichostema Species." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47.9–10 (1992): 782–784. [Primary identification of T. lanatum exudate methylated flavones.]
  • Wollenweber, E., Stevens, J., Papendick, I., and Roitman, J. "Exudate Flavonoids of Eight Species of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59 (2004): 459–462.
  • World Health Organization (WHO) & International Fragrance Association (IFRA). "Safety Assessment of Fragrance Ingredients: Ocimene." IFRA Standards Documentation, 2020.
  • Worwood, Valerie Anne. The Complete Book of Essential Oils and Aromatherapy. New World Library: Novato, 1991.
  • Zigmond, Maurice L. Kawaiisu Ethnobotany. University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City, 1981.
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